2 The use of polyvinyl alcohol PVA adhesive in the use of hot water to melt into a viscous liquid, its use and precautions are as follows:
A. When used according to the required viscosity, add the appropriate amount of water in the gel, place it into a uniform viscous liquid in the container, use steam or water bath when heating, and not directly contact with the heater. The heating temperature in the glue shall not exceed 100 °C to prevent aging and deterioration.
B. PVA use temperature is 45°C±10: It can be mixed with flour paste under appropriate temperature.
C. PVA is a heating glue, water is not easy to penetrate, drying is slow, adhesive cardboard, paper, fabrics, etc. are available, hardcover book shells can also use this glue.
Polyvinyl alcohol adhesives are inexpensive and have good bonding properties and are extremely common binders.
3. Heat Fusion (EVA)
Hot melt adhesive is a 100% soluble polymer that requires no solvent and no moisture. Hot-melting is a solid at room temperature, and it melts to a certain extent and melts into a fluid with a certain viscosity. The melted hot-melt adhesive is a light brown translucent body.
1 hot melt adhesive composition.
The main component of hot-melt adhesive is EVA resin, which is the object of high temperature polymerization of polyethylene and vinyl acetate. After being fused with rosin, glycerol, polymerized rosin, paraffin, etc. at high temperature, it is cooled and solidified into a block of colloid, that is, binding. Bulk or granular hot melt adhesive. The main component of hot-melt adhesives is EVA resin, which is replaced by imports because of its difficulties in polymerization processing in China.
2 Hot-melt Adhesive Performance EVA is 100% solid glue, which turns into a fluid that melts completely by heating at high temperatures. When heated to 80 °C ~ 100 °C, the colloid slowly, with the increase of temperature, the flow gradually accelerated, when the temperature rises to 250 °C, the colloid aging, the color becomes darker, the viscosity decreases, glue change clothes. The colloidal solidification process of EVA is completed by cooling. It is an excellent fast-curing adhesive material, and its drying speed is unmatched by any adhesive material.
3 The use of hot-melt adhesives EVA can be bonded to both porous and non-porous materials, and should not be too large for the adhesive surface, otherwise, it will not be able to be bonded because the glue curing time is only a dozen seconds at most. EVA is mainly used for high-speed production of wireless glue-binding linkage line, can not be used for manual binding operation.
A. When you use it, you need to store enough glue in advance and heat it more than 2 hours in advance to make it gradually become the required fluid.
B. The fluidity of the colloid can be controlled by temperature. When the viscosity is high (thick), the temperature can be slightly lowered. When the viscosity is low (thin), the temperature can be increased. In the perfect binding machine, 150°C～180°C can be used for primary coating, and the temperature for secondary (adhesive-backed device) is about 30°C higher than the first time, ie, the viscosity of the second time It is not possible to pull down the first time the book is attached.
C. Hot-melt adhesive curing time is generally 7-13 seconds: cooling time is generally about 30 seconds. In the linkage production line, the cooling process is realized by an extended conveyor belt method. In a certain period of time, it is necessary to ensure that the colloids have good conditions for cooling and drying, so as to ensure that the books are firmly bonded and beautifully flattened.
D. The conditions for the production of hot melt adhesive should be to ensure normal room temperature. Too low room temperature will affect the curing time, and the adhesive will fall off due to premature drying and adhesion (or adhesion) of the adhesive.
3. Paper-plastic Composite Bonding Material This material is an acrylate and styrene copolymer with an appearance of a milky white liquid. Its colloid has good adhesive properties and required viscosity and film elasticity. The paper-plastic composite adhesive uses water as the dispersion medium (water solvent), is non-flammable, non-toxic, harmless, and has no irritating odor. It is a water-soluble adhesive material with convenient use and strong bonding ability.
This binder is used more extensively with the change of the material for framed materials (such as PVC coating paper, cover paper, plastic cover, etc. in the cover material), and it must be used for bonding the elbow to the paper, especially the upper class. The binding of the hardcover shell and the ring lining of the material cover, if the three sides appear sticky phenomenon, with this glue will stick.
Paper and plastic composite adhesives can be used for manual binding and machine binding. It is easy to operate, with high viscosity and firm bonding. This adhesive was mass-produced in the mid-1980s, with good results and popularity, and solved the problem of non-stick three-ring quality.
Second, animal bonding materials The use of animal bonding materials has a long history in China. As early as more than 2,000 years ago, people used animal skins and water to use fire tannins for the bonding of various objects. This glue is a binding material obtained from the skin, intramuscular tissue, and bones of hot water or mortar-treated animals. The types of animal adhesive materials include bone glue, gelatin and fish glue. Glue is commonly used for binding. Fish gelatin has a wide range of uses for dried fish. Therefore, it is basically not used to make binding materials.
1. Bone glue is one of the most widely used animal adhesive materials. Its characteristics are: good bonding performance, high strength, low moisture, fast drying, good bonding and setting, and low price and easy to use. It is especially suitable for bonding and pasting hardcover book cases and can get good results.
1 The properties of bone glue The main component of animal glue is gelatin skin protein. Its low purity is called bone glue. Bone gum is a brittle hard block solidified body. Collagen is a protein that is insoluble in water. After being processed by heating, the other form of protein is called gelatin, which is soluble in hot water and has adhesive properties.
After the plastic film of bone glue is formed, it is very firm and elastic: But the bone glue is not water resistant, and the water will make the adhesive layer expand and lose the bond strength: its corrosion resistance is also poor, and the temperature is too high and the humidity is too high can cause changes.
2. Use of bone glue When using bone glue, soak the bone glue with equal or slightly more water (preferably with hot water) for about 10 hours to soften the glue and heat it to about 75°C to make it glue. be usable. The proportion of glue and water should be determined according to the required viscosity, such as low viscosity and dilute water: add water, the viscosity is high and thick. When the hot glue temperature should not be too high, the temperature exceeds 100 °C will be due to molecular degradation so that the viscosity decreases, plastic aging deterioration. There is a slight amount of sediment in the bone glue during use, so add the necessary water to the side to adjust the viscosity and fluidity. Heat bath must be used bath heat method, and can never be directly heated storage container.
The glue can only be used under certain temperature conditions. Therefore, when water is added during use, the temperature of the added water and gel should be basically the same, and cold water should not be added. Because the bone glue needs to maintain a certain temperature (75°C±10°C), the temperature of the glue after the cold water is added will suddenly drop and the stickiness will appear, which will affect the bonding effect. When using bone glue, the speed of coating is faster and more uniform. Do not use too much silicone rubber to cause problems such as unevenness of the adhesive layer, leaking of the adhesive, and leakage of the adhesive.
2. Gelatin gelatin composition is similar to bone glue, but the purity is higher and the colloid is transparent. The raw materials for making gelatin are high-quality fresh animal hides, scraps and bones. The melting temperature and coagulation temperature of gelatin are different from those of bone glue. Although the purity of gelatin is high, it still contains some plasticizers. These plasticizers can absorb moisture from the air to prevent the adhesive layer from drying too much and become brittle.
Gelatin can be added to the corresponding water before use. It can be completely melted into the required glue at about 50°C. The commonly used glue temperature is 40°C to 70°C, and it can be used at no less than 30°C. This kind of glue is better than bone glue and has the same characteristics as bone glue. It is a kind of high-quality adhesive material in animal cavity, but it is not suitable for large-scale use because of its high price, otherwise it will increase the cost.
A. In order to prevent the animal glue adhesive layer from becoming brittle after drying, an appropriate amount of glycerin can be added. The film has a certain degree of flexibility.
B. In order to prevent moldy deterioration of the glue (especially when the temperature is high in summer), an appropriate amount of preservatives, such as carbolic acid, may be added to the glue.
C. In order to prevent the adhesive color from increasing, some brighteners such as titanium dioxide may be blended in an appropriate amount.
D. To increase the drying speed of the film at room temperature, a small amount of urea can be added.
E. When the machine shell is glued with a machine, the glue liquid is prone to air bubbles, resulting in uneven coating. For this reason, a small amount of a liquid crystal of tantalum alcohol or silicone, tributyl phosphate and the like may be added.
The above additives must be mixed evenly after adding the glue.
Many of the quality problems of binding are caused by the use or improper selection of adhesive materials. Therefore, it is important to understand the types, properties, and uses of commonly used binding materials, and to improve the understanding of bonding materials to ensure product quality. On the one hand.
A. When used according to the required viscosity, add the appropriate amount of water in the gel, place it into a uniform viscous liquid in the container, use steam or water bath when heating, and not directly contact with the heater. The heating temperature in the glue shall not exceed 100 °C to prevent aging and deterioration.
B. PVA use temperature is 45°C±10: It can be mixed with flour paste under appropriate temperature.
C. PVA is a heating glue, water is not easy to penetrate, drying is slow, adhesive cardboard, paper, fabrics, etc. are available, hardcover book shells can also use this glue.
Polyvinyl alcohol adhesives are inexpensive and have good bonding properties and are extremely common binders.
3. Heat Fusion (EVA)
Hot melt adhesive is a 100% soluble polymer that requires no solvent and no moisture. Hot-melting is a solid at room temperature, and it melts to a certain extent and melts into a fluid with a certain viscosity. The melted hot-melt adhesive is a light brown translucent body.
1 hot melt adhesive composition.
The main component of hot-melt adhesive is EVA resin, which is the object of high temperature polymerization of polyethylene and vinyl acetate. After being fused with rosin, glycerol, polymerized rosin, paraffin, etc. at high temperature, it is cooled and solidified into a block of colloid, that is, binding. Bulk or granular hot melt adhesive. The main component of hot-melt adhesives is EVA resin, which is replaced by imports because of its difficulties in polymerization processing in China.
2 Hot-melt Adhesive Performance EVA is 100% solid glue, which turns into a fluid that melts completely by heating at high temperatures. When heated to 80 °C ~ 100 °C, the colloid slowly, with the increase of temperature, the flow gradually accelerated, when the temperature rises to 250 °C, the colloid aging, the color becomes darker, the viscosity decreases, glue change clothes. The colloidal solidification process of EVA is completed by cooling. It is an excellent fast-curing adhesive material, and its drying speed is unmatched by any adhesive material.
3 The use of hot-melt adhesives EVA can be bonded to both porous and non-porous materials, and should not be too large for the adhesive surface, otherwise, it will not be able to be bonded because the glue curing time is only a dozen seconds at most. EVA is mainly used for high-speed production of wireless glue-binding linkage line, can not be used for manual binding operation.
A. When you use it, you need to store enough glue in advance and heat it more than 2 hours in advance to make it gradually become the required fluid.
B. The fluidity of the colloid can be controlled by temperature. When the viscosity is high (thick), the temperature can be slightly lowered. When the viscosity is low (thin), the temperature can be increased. In the perfect binding machine, 150°C～180°C can be used for primary coating, and the temperature for secondary (adhesive-backed device) is about 30°C higher than the first time, ie, the viscosity of the second time It is not possible to pull down the first time the book is attached.
C. Hot-melt adhesive curing time is generally 7-13 seconds: cooling time is generally about 30 seconds. In the linkage production line, the cooling process is realized by an extended conveyor belt method. In a certain period of time, it is necessary to ensure that the colloids have good conditions for cooling and drying, so as to ensure that the books are firmly bonded and beautifully flattened.
D. The conditions for the production of hot melt adhesive should be to ensure normal room temperature. Too low room temperature will affect the curing time, and the adhesive will fall off due to premature drying and adhesion (or adhesion) of the adhesive.
3. Paper-plastic Composite Bonding Material This material is an acrylate and styrene copolymer with an appearance of a milky white liquid. Its colloid has good adhesive properties and required viscosity and film elasticity. The paper-plastic composite adhesive uses water as the dispersion medium (water solvent), is non-flammable, non-toxic, harmless, and has no irritating odor. It is a water-soluble adhesive material with convenient use and strong bonding ability.
This binder is used more extensively with the change of the material for framed materials (such as PVC coating paper, cover paper, plastic cover, etc. in the cover material), and it must be used for bonding the elbow to the paper, especially the upper class. The binding of the hardcover shell and the ring lining of the material cover, if the three sides appear sticky phenomenon, with this glue will stick.
Paper and plastic composite adhesives can be used for manual binding and machine binding. It is easy to operate, with high viscosity and firm bonding. This adhesive was mass-produced in the mid-1980s, with good results and popularity, and solved the problem of non-stick three-ring quality.
Second, animal bonding materials The use of animal bonding materials has a long history in China. As early as more than 2,000 years ago, people used animal skins and water to use fire tannins for the bonding of various objects. This glue is a binding material obtained from the skin, intramuscular tissue, and bones of hot water or mortar-treated animals. The types of animal adhesive materials include bone glue, gelatin and fish glue. Glue is commonly used for binding. Fish gelatin has a wide range of uses for dried fish. Therefore, it is basically not used to make binding materials.
1. Bone glue is one of the most widely used animal adhesive materials. Its characteristics are: good bonding performance, high strength, low moisture, fast drying, good bonding and setting, and low price and easy to use. It is especially suitable for bonding and pasting hardcover book cases and can get good results.
1 The properties of bone glue The main component of animal glue is gelatin skin protein. Its low purity is called bone glue. Bone gum is a brittle hard block solidified body. Collagen is a protein that is insoluble in water. After being processed by heating, the other form of protein is called gelatin, which is soluble in hot water and has adhesive properties.
After the plastic film of bone glue is formed, it is very firm and elastic: But the bone glue is not water resistant, and the water will make the adhesive layer expand and lose the bond strength: its corrosion resistance is also poor, and the temperature is too high and the humidity is too high can cause changes.
2. Use of bone glue When using bone glue, soak the bone glue with equal or slightly more water (preferably with hot water) for about 10 hours to soften the glue and heat it to about 75°C to make it glue. be usable. The proportion of glue and water should be determined according to the required viscosity, such as low viscosity and dilute water: add water, the viscosity is high and thick. When the hot glue temperature should not be too high, the temperature exceeds 100 °C will be due to molecular degradation so that the viscosity decreases, plastic aging deterioration. There is a slight amount of sediment in the bone glue during use, so add the necessary water to the side to adjust the viscosity and fluidity. Heat bath must be used bath heat method, and can never be directly heated storage container.
The glue can only be used under certain temperature conditions. Therefore, when water is added during use, the temperature of the added water and gel should be basically the same, and cold water should not be added. Because the bone glue needs to maintain a certain temperature (75°C±10°C), the temperature of the glue after the cold water is added will suddenly drop and the stickiness will appear, which will affect the bonding effect. When using bone glue, the speed of coating is faster and more uniform. Do not use too much silicone rubber to cause problems such as unevenness of the adhesive layer, leaking of the adhesive, and leakage of the adhesive.
2. Gelatin gelatin composition is similar to bone glue, but the purity is higher and the colloid is transparent. The raw materials for making gelatin are high-quality fresh animal hides, scraps and bones. The melting temperature and coagulation temperature of gelatin are different from those of bone glue. Although the purity of gelatin is high, it still contains some plasticizers. These plasticizers can absorb moisture from the air to prevent the adhesive layer from drying too much and become brittle.
Gelatin can be added to the corresponding water before use. It can be completely melted into the required glue at about 50°C. The commonly used glue temperature is 40°C to 70°C, and it can be used at no less than 30°C. This kind of glue is better than bone glue and has the same characteristics as bone glue. It is a kind of high-quality adhesive material in animal cavity, but it is not suitable for large-scale use because of its high price, otherwise it will increase the cost.
A. In order to prevent the animal glue adhesive layer from becoming brittle after drying, an appropriate amount of glycerin can be added. The film has a certain degree of flexibility.
B. In order to prevent moldy deterioration of the glue (especially when the temperature is high in summer), an appropriate amount of preservatives, such as carbolic acid, may be added to the glue.
C. In order to prevent the adhesive color from increasing, some brighteners such as titanium dioxide may be blended in an appropriate amount.
D. To increase the drying speed of the film at room temperature, a small amount of urea can be added.
E. When the machine shell is glued with a machine, the glue liquid is prone to air bubbles, resulting in uneven coating. For this reason, a small amount of a liquid crystal of tantalum alcohol or silicone, tributyl phosphate and the like may be added.
The above additives must be mixed evenly after adding the glue.
Many of the quality problems of binding are caused by the use or improper selection of adhesive materials. Therefore, it is important to understand the types, properties, and uses of commonly used binding materials, and to improve the understanding of bonding materials to ensure product quality. On the one hand.
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