After China and the United States reached an agreement on China's accession to the WTO (World Trade Organization), China's accession to the WTO has accelerated. After China's accession to the WTO, what impact will it have on our country's publishing, printing, and related industries, and the countermeasures we should take, talk about personal opinions.
What Influences on China's Publishing, Printing, and Related Industries After China's Entry into WTO
The accession to the WTO is a sign of the in-depth development of China's socialist market economy. It shows that China's market economy has matured, and it fully meets the conditions for joining the WTO. It is a good thing to improve the market economy.
In general, the advantages of joining the WTO outweigh the disadvantages and the opportunities are greater than the challenges. Specific to the printing press equipment and equipment industry, it is definitely influential. Printing includes not only book printing, but also newspaper printing, packaging printing, screen printing, securities printing, social and cultural goods printing, etc.; printing equipment and equipment include a wide range, such as the reduction of import tariffs on printing paper, It is good for printing companies, but it is not good for domestic papermaking companies.
After joining the WTO, the import of raw and auxiliary materials such as paper, ink, aluminum plates, tinplate, plastic raw materials, and chemical materials required by printing companies will be reduced, and the cost of printing companies will be reduced, which will benefit the printing companies' market competition. For example, the number of imported papers in China is quite impressive. In 1998, 5.772 million tons of imported paper related to printing was printed in the country, and in January-September 1999, it was 4.899 million tons, an increase of 16.2% over the same period of the previous year. In 1998, 236,000 tons of newsprint was imported, 347,000 tons of printing and writing paper, 155,000 tons of lightweight coated paper, 985,000 tons of copper plate paper, 540,000 tons of coated white paper, 342,000 tons of ordinary white paper, and 1.264 million. Tons, 442 thousand tons of kraft paperboard. The foreign paper tax rate is 5% to 6%, and China's current average import tariff is about 20%. After the accession to the WTO, the tariffs on imported paper are expected to come down year by year, which will help printing companies reduce costs.
After the accession to the WTO, the import tariffs for printing and ancillary equipment and components have also come down. At present, China's import tariff on printing equipment is 22% (except tax exemption), VAT is 17%, and the combined effective tax rate is 43%. In other words, the import of one million US dollars of equipment, plus taxes and fees actually pay 1.43 million US dollars. In recent years, the state encourages the import of advanced printing equipment and technology and implements a tax reduction and exemption policy, which is conducive to the technological transformation and technological progress of printing enterprises.
Now, the export of printing companies' products has increased, but exports have to pay tax first, and then tax rebates. The number of tax refunds is decided by the customs. After joining the WTO, the situation will be improved, which will help the printing industry to go abroad and go global.
After joining the WTO, it is good for the printing industry to carry out external processing.
After joining the WTO, in addition to printing books and periodicals, restrictions on printing companies such as commerce and packaging will be relaxed or even cancelled, which will bring opportunities and competition to these companies. The main manifestations are:
1, foreign investors generally optimistic about China's commercial, packaging and printing market. For example, Japan United Paper Products Co., Ltd. has successively established joint ventures with powerful paper product companies in Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Dalian, and Qingdao, and some enterprises are also controlled by foreign parties. In addition to establishing a large-scale paper group in China, the Indonesian APP Golden Group further engaged in deep processing of paper.
2. Printing enterprises with sole proprietorship and joint ventures have been growing faster in China (at present, there are already 1993 in the country). The rapid development of these enterprises is undoubtedly a challenge and an impact on the printing enterprises in China. Because state-owned enterprises are at a disadvantage compared to sole proprietorships or joint ventures in terms of equipment, funds, talents, and management, especially our old companies have heavy burdens and difficulties. Take Shanghai as an example. At present, state-owned enterprises account for 1/3, sole proprietorships and joint ventures account for 1/3, and township and township enterprises account for 1/3. Although the number of state-owned enterprises accounts for 1/3, the economic benefits are not as good as those of foreign companies and township and township enterprises. Competition is fierce. It will take great efforts to maintain the situation in the world in the third place.
3. Foreign-funded enterprises and foreign printing companies are highly specialized and relatively capable. Domestic enterprises are small and complete, large and complete, and they differ greatly in terms of labor productivity and benefits. According to statistics made by 111 of the better packaging and printing industries in 1998, the labor productivity of the entire staff was 99,000 yuan, compared with 10 million for our country's Taiwan region and 180 to 1.9 million for Japan. , is our 19 times.
After China's Entry into the WTO, What Protection Measures Should China's Government Take to the Publishing and Printing Industry?
As a developing country, China has joined the World Trade Organization. It is understood that many industries can have a transition period of several years and market opening is gradual.
At present, China's printing industry is still protected by national policies. In March 1997, Article 15 of the “Administrative Regulations on the Printing Industry†promulgated by the State Council stipulated that it was forbidden to establish various types of printing enterprises solely funded by foreign capital. For book printing companies, because it involves the construction of spiritual civilization and is related to ideology, it is expected that the country will continue to manage and be protected according to current policies. Therefore, after joining the WTO, it is estimated that there will be no big impact.
It is understood that after joining the WTO, China will allow Sino-foreign joint ventures to distribute audio and video products and entertainment software, but it must be controlled by the Chinese side, and the products it operates must also be subject to the approval of relevant Chinese government departments. Distribution refers to distribution. As the distribution is closely related to the production, publishing and reproduction of audio and video products and entertainment software, the release of the issuance will inevitably affect the management policies for the production, publication and reproduction of audio and video products and entertainment software.
Although Chinese-foreign equity joint ventures are allowed to issue audio-visual products and entertainment software, it is not allowed to establish a Chinese-foreign joint venture recording, video and entertainment software production and publishing institution. In the issuance of audiovisual products and entertainment software for Sino-foreign equity joint ventures, it is also necessary to adhere to the principle of Chinese party holding and to examine and approve the contents of establishing joint ventures and new products.
For commercial, packaging and other printing, including a wide range of products, such as product samples, business presentations, billboards, trademarks, labels, plastic composite flexible packaging, cartons, cartons, tags, printing cans, etc. than the current "printing industry The provisions of the "Regulations" should be relaxed. In the future, it may be necessary to make some changes to the "Management Regulations of the Printing Industry."
Opportunities and Challenges for China's Printing Equipment and Equipment Industry
After joining the WTO, from the perspective of lowering tariffs, market access and non-tariff barriers, the impact on China's printing equipment and equipment industry will be greater than that of the printing industry. The printing industry is mainly profit-oriented. There are advantages and disadvantages in the equipment and equipment industry. The advantages outweigh the disadvantages. It is both an opportunity and a challenge. The opportunity is greater than the challenge.
First, in the past, China did not have much protection measures for the equipment and equipment industry on import tariffs. After entering the WTO, the tariff rates for equipment and equipment have been reduced accordingly. For papermaking companies that import pulp and waste paper (zero tariffs), in particular, imported paper, inks, plates (such as flexographic plates), and newspapers, books, and magazines are used. Businesses, packaging, wire mesh, fast printing, securities, security printing, etc., in terms of production costs will be reduced accordingly, it is beneficial to improve the competitiveness of enterprises. However, on the other hand, foreign printing companies are optimistic about China's potential market, or set up factories in China with its high-quality, multi-variety products, which is undoubtedly an impact and a challenge to our country's printing companies.
Due to the reduction of paper import tariffs, foreign papers have entered the Chinese market with their high quality and variety of advantages. This will bring greater impact and challenges to papermaking companies.
In terms of printing equipment, according to the relevant provisions of the State Council and the General Administration of Customs, tariffs and adjustment taxes are exempted on equipment imported by enterprises encouraged by the national industrialization policy; printing equipment such as printing speeds of 15,000 sheets per hour cannot be produced in China. Offset offset presses and web offset presses with a print speed of 60,000 sheets per hour are tax exempt. After joining the WTO, in addition to the printing equipment that has already enjoyed reduction or exemption from customs duties (after the accession to the WTO, there may be a new change in the tax relief policy), and the tariffs for the remaining printing and ancillary equipment will be reduced accordingly. This will be the introduction of equipment and technological transformation for printing companies. advantageous. However, due to the reduction of tariffs on imported printing equipment and ancillary equipment, it will bring competition and challenges to the printing machinery manufacturing industry. In particular, if a world-famous printer manufacturer establishes a wholly-owned enterprise in China, it will create a powerful impact on China's printing machinery manufacturing industry. The impact.
At present, China's state-owned enterprises not only face reforms and restructuring, but also have to bear the competition and pressure from foreign capital and technology after China's entry into the WTO. This means that there will be a group of companies that have poor technical equipment, poor product quality, and poor efficiency, or who do not operate in accordance with laws and regulations and are uneasy with internationally recognized competition laws. The printing industry will face corporate restructuring, asset restructuring and product structure adjustments. We should take advantage of the reforms of state-owned enterprises and China's accession to the WTO to change the pressure into motive force, seize the opportunity, and strive for survival and development in a more open and fierce market competition.
Direction and countermeasures
At present, competition with state-owned enterprises is nothing more than sole proprietorships and joint ventures. The fundamental issue is the mechanism issue. Therefore, in accordance with the important decisions of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 15th CPC Central Committee on the reform and development of state-owned enterprises and the spirit of the Central Economic Work Conference, we should make two changes: one is the change of concepts, and the other is the change of mechanisms to adapt to the WTO accession. need. For printing equipment and equipment companies, focusing on the following six areas of work.
1. Conscientiously implement the technical development direction of China's printing and equipment equipment industry before 2010, namely: "prepress digital, networking; printing multicolor, high efficiency; diversified and automated after printing; high quality and serialization of equipment" is in line with China's national conditions are the direction that guides the development of China's printing and equipment equipment industry. Each company should actively organize and implement it according to specific conditions.
2. Optimize the industrial structure, speed up product structure adjustment, strengthen product development, increase variety, and improve the overall level of the printing and equipment equipment industry to meet the needs of the "two markets."
3. Accelerate the progress of technological progress and technological transformation and actively adopt "new technologies, new equipment, new processes, and new materials" to further narrow the gap with advanced foreign standards.
4. Strengthen the internal management of enterprises, establish a modern enterprise system, strive hard to internal strength, keep eyes down, improve product quality, shorten production cycle, increase labor productivity, reduce consumption, tap potential, and improve services, so as to improve the competitiveness of enterprises.
5. China should speed up the development and expansion of Chinese national audiovisual products, electronic publishing, entertainment software, and copying industry; research and formulate new supportive policies; accelerate the establishment of large-scale publishing, copying and distribution enterprise groups, enhance competitiveness, and actively participate in The competition in the international market has enabled China's audiovisual and electronic publishing industries to move toward the international market.
6, for export, go abroad, go to the world. In the case of printing equipment, not only can they expand exports, capture the market in developing countries, and it is possible to occupy a part of the markets of developed countries, because there are a large number of small businesses in these countries, and what they need is not all high-end products. We know that a considerable number of McDonald's and KFC packaging boxes used abroad are printed in China. Hung Hing Printing (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., the annual output value of 600 million yuan of packaging printed products are all exported. About 200 million yuan in books, pictures, and books are printed annually by China Business Printing (Guangdong) Co., Ltd., of which one-half of them are exported. China's accession to the WTO's east wind, large and medium-sized cities along the coast, and some relatively qualified printing and equipment equipment companies hope to go abroad and go global.
What Influences on China's Publishing, Printing, and Related Industries After China's Entry into WTO
The accession to the WTO is a sign of the in-depth development of China's socialist market economy. It shows that China's market economy has matured, and it fully meets the conditions for joining the WTO. It is a good thing to improve the market economy.
In general, the advantages of joining the WTO outweigh the disadvantages and the opportunities are greater than the challenges. Specific to the printing press equipment and equipment industry, it is definitely influential. Printing includes not only book printing, but also newspaper printing, packaging printing, screen printing, securities printing, social and cultural goods printing, etc.; printing equipment and equipment include a wide range, such as the reduction of import tariffs on printing paper, It is good for printing companies, but it is not good for domestic papermaking companies.
After joining the WTO, the import of raw and auxiliary materials such as paper, ink, aluminum plates, tinplate, plastic raw materials, and chemical materials required by printing companies will be reduced, and the cost of printing companies will be reduced, which will benefit the printing companies' market competition. For example, the number of imported papers in China is quite impressive. In 1998, 5.772 million tons of imported paper related to printing was printed in the country, and in January-September 1999, it was 4.899 million tons, an increase of 16.2% over the same period of the previous year. In 1998, 236,000 tons of newsprint was imported, 347,000 tons of printing and writing paper, 155,000 tons of lightweight coated paper, 985,000 tons of copper plate paper, 540,000 tons of coated white paper, 342,000 tons of ordinary white paper, and 1.264 million. Tons, 442 thousand tons of kraft paperboard. The foreign paper tax rate is 5% to 6%, and China's current average import tariff is about 20%. After the accession to the WTO, the tariffs on imported paper are expected to come down year by year, which will help printing companies reduce costs.
After the accession to the WTO, the import tariffs for printing and ancillary equipment and components have also come down. At present, China's import tariff on printing equipment is 22% (except tax exemption), VAT is 17%, and the combined effective tax rate is 43%. In other words, the import of one million US dollars of equipment, plus taxes and fees actually pay 1.43 million US dollars. In recent years, the state encourages the import of advanced printing equipment and technology and implements a tax reduction and exemption policy, which is conducive to the technological transformation and technological progress of printing enterprises.
Now, the export of printing companies' products has increased, but exports have to pay tax first, and then tax rebates. The number of tax refunds is decided by the customs. After joining the WTO, the situation will be improved, which will help the printing industry to go abroad and go global.
After joining the WTO, it is good for the printing industry to carry out external processing.
After joining the WTO, in addition to printing books and periodicals, restrictions on printing companies such as commerce and packaging will be relaxed or even cancelled, which will bring opportunities and competition to these companies. The main manifestations are:
1, foreign investors generally optimistic about China's commercial, packaging and printing market. For example, Japan United Paper Products Co., Ltd. has successively established joint ventures with powerful paper product companies in Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Dalian, and Qingdao, and some enterprises are also controlled by foreign parties. In addition to establishing a large-scale paper group in China, the Indonesian APP Golden Group further engaged in deep processing of paper.
2. Printing enterprises with sole proprietorship and joint ventures have been growing faster in China (at present, there are already 1993 in the country). The rapid development of these enterprises is undoubtedly a challenge and an impact on the printing enterprises in China. Because state-owned enterprises are at a disadvantage compared to sole proprietorships or joint ventures in terms of equipment, funds, talents, and management, especially our old companies have heavy burdens and difficulties. Take Shanghai as an example. At present, state-owned enterprises account for 1/3, sole proprietorships and joint ventures account for 1/3, and township and township enterprises account for 1/3. Although the number of state-owned enterprises accounts for 1/3, the economic benefits are not as good as those of foreign companies and township and township enterprises. Competition is fierce. It will take great efforts to maintain the situation in the world in the third place.
3. Foreign-funded enterprises and foreign printing companies are highly specialized and relatively capable. Domestic enterprises are small and complete, large and complete, and they differ greatly in terms of labor productivity and benefits. According to statistics made by 111 of the better packaging and printing industries in 1998, the labor productivity of the entire staff was 99,000 yuan, compared with 10 million for our country's Taiwan region and 180 to 1.9 million for Japan. , is our 19 times.
After China's Entry into the WTO, What Protection Measures Should China's Government Take to the Publishing and Printing Industry?
As a developing country, China has joined the World Trade Organization. It is understood that many industries can have a transition period of several years and market opening is gradual.
At present, China's printing industry is still protected by national policies. In March 1997, Article 15 of the “Administrative Regulations on the Printing Industry†promulgated by the State Council stipulated that it was forbidden to establish various types of printing enterprises solely funded by foreign capital. For book printing companies, because it involves the construction of spiritual civilization and is related to ideology, it is expected that the country will continue to manage and be protected according to current policies. Therefore, after joining the WTO, it is estimated that there will be no big impact.
It is understood that after joining the WTO, China will allow Sino-foreign joint ventures to distribute audio and video products and entertainment software, but it must be controlled by the Chinese side, and the products it operates must also be subject to the approval of relevant Chinese government departments. Distribution refers to distribution. As the distribution is closely related to the production, publishing and reproduction of audio and video products and entertainment software, the release of the issuance will inevitably affect the management policies for the production, publication and reproduction of audio and video products and entertainment software.
Although Chinese-foreign equity joint ventures are allowed to issue audio-visual products and entertainment software, it is not allowed to establish a Chinese-foreign joint venture recording, video and entertainment software production and publishing institution. In the issuance of audiovisual products and entertainment software for Sino-foreign equity joint ventures, it is also necessary to adhere to the principle of Chinese party holding and to examine and approve the contents of establishing joint ventures and new products.
For commercial, packaging and other printing, including a wide range of products, such as product samples, business presentations, billboards, trademarks, labels, plastic composite flexible packaging, cartons, cartons, tags, printing cans, etc. than the current "printing industry The provisions of the "Regulations" should be relaxed. In the future, it may be necessary to make some changes to the "Management Regulations of the Printing Industry."
Opportunities and Challenges for China's Printing Equipment and Equipment Industry
After joining the WTO, from the perspective of lowering tariffs, market access and non-tariff barriers, the impact on China's printing equipment and equipment industry will be greater than that of the printing industry. The printing industry is mainly profit-oriented. There are advantages and disadvantages in the equipment and equipment industry. The advantages outweigh the disadvantages. It is both an opportunity and a challenge. The opportunity is greater than the challenge.
First, in the past, China did not have much protection measures for the equipment and equipment industry on import tariffs. After entering the WTO, the tariff rates for equipment and equipment have been reduced accordingly. For papermaking companies that import pulp and waste paper (zero tariffs), in particular, imported paper, inks, plates (such as flexographic plates), and newspapers, books, and magazines are used. Businesses, packaging, wire mesh, fast printing, securities, security printing, etc., in terms of production costs will be reduced accordingly, it is beneficial to improve the competitiveness of enterprises. However, on the other hand, foreign printing companies are optimistic about China's potential market, or set up factories in China with its high-quality, multi-variety products, which is undoubtedly an impact and a challenge to our country's printing companies.
Due to the reduction of paper import tariffs, foreign papers have entered the Chinese market with their high quality and variety of advantages. This will bring greater impact and challenges to papermaking companies.
In terms of printing equipment, according to the relevant provisions of the State Council and the General Administration of Customs, tariffs and adjustment taxes are exempted on equipment imported by enterprises encouraged by the national industrialization policy; printing equipment such as printing speeds of 15,000 sheets per hour cannot be produced in China. Offset offset presses and web offset presses with a print speed of 60,000 sheets per hour are tax exempt. After joining the WTO, in addition to the printing equipment that has already enjoyed reduction or exemption from customs duties (after the accession to the WTO, there may be a new change in the tax relief policy), and the tariffs for the remaining printing and ancillary equipment will be reduced accordingly. This will be the introduction of equipment and technological transformation for printing companies. advantageous. However, due to the reduction of tariffs on imported printing equipment and ancillary equipment, it will bring competition and challenges to the printing machinery manufacturing industry. In particular, if a world-famous printer manufacturer establishes a wholly-owned enterprise in China, it will create a powerful impact on China's printing machinery manufacturing industry. The impact.
At present, China's state-owned enterprises not only face reforms and restructuring, but also have to bear the competition and pressure from foreign capital and technology after China's entry into the WTO. This means that there will be a group of companies that have poor technical equipment, poor product quality, and poor efficiency, or who do not operate in accordance with laws and regulations and are uneasy with internationally recognized competition laws. The printing industry will face corporate restructuring, asset restructuring and product structure adjustments. We should take advantage of the reforms of state-owned enterprises and China's accession to the WTO to change the pressure into motive force, seize the opportunity, and strive for survival and development in a more open and fierce market competition.
Direction and countermeasures
At present, competition with state-owned enterprises is nothing more than sole proprietorships and joint ventures. The fundamental issue is the mechanism issue. Therefore, in accordance with the important decisions of the Fourth Plenary Session of the 15th CPC Central Committee on the reform and development of state-owned enterprises and the spirit of the Central Economic Work Conference, we should make two changes: one is the change of concepts, and the other is the change of mechanisms to adapt to the WTO accession. need. For printing equipment and equipment companies, focusing on the following six areas of work.
1. Conscientiously implement the technical development direction of China's printing and equipment equipment industry before 2010, namely: "prepress digital, networking; printing multicolor, high efficiency; diversified and automated after printing; high quality and serialization of equipment" is in line with China's national conditions are the direction that guides the development of China's printing and equipment equipment industry. Each company should actively organize and implement it according to specific conditions.
2. Optimize the industrial structure, speed up product structure adjustment, strengthen product development, increase variety, and improve the overall level of the printing and equipment equipment industry to meet the needs of the "two markets."
3. Accelerate the progress of technological progress and technological transformation and actively adopt "new technologies, new equipment, new processes, and new materials" to further narrow the gap with advanced foreign standards.
4. Strengthen the internal management of enterprises, establish a modern enterprise system, strive hard to internal strength, keep eyes down, improve product quality, shorten production cycle, increase labor productivity, reduce consumption, tap potential, and improve services, so as to improve the competitiveness of enterprises.
5. China should speed up the development and expansion of Chinese national audiovisual products, electronic publishing, entertainment software, and copying industry; research and formulate new supportive policies; accelerate the establishment of large-scale publishing, copying and distribution enterprise groups, enhance competitiveness, and actively participate in The competition in the international market has enabled China's audiovisual and electronic publishing industries to move toward the international market.
6, for export, go abroad, go to the world. In the case of printing equipment, not only can they expand exports, capture the market in developing countries, and it is possible to occupy a part of the markets of developed countries, because there are a large number of small businesses in these countries, and what they need is not all high-end products. We know that a considerable number of McDonald's and KFC packaging boxes used abroad are printed in China. Hung Hing Printing (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., the annual output value of 600 million yuan of packaging printed products are all exported. About 200 million yuan in books, pictures, and books are printed annually by China Business Printing (Guangdong) Co., Ltd., of which one-half of them are exported. China's accession to the WTO's east wind, large and medium-sized cities along the coast, and some relatively qualified printing and equipment equipment companies hope to go abroad and go global.
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