So, what is the current status of NFC technology development in China? When will Apple Mobile Payment enter the Chinese market? Who is Apple's partner? What are the difficulties in entering the Chinese market? The "Daily Economic News" reporter conducted an in-depth interview on this, in order to answer your questions.
In the early hours of September 10, Apple released a new digital wallet, ApplePay, which can be securely accessed using fingerprint recognition technology. This means that the world's largest mobile phone manufacturer officially entered the NFC (near-range wireless communication technology) payment field. At the same time, although Apple's current cooperation card organization has not been a figure of UnionPay, the rumors of related cooperation have been rampant.
Even the president of UnionPay, Wen Zhao, recently publicly stated that UnionPay and any enterprise cooperation are possible, and Apple NFC must find a partner when entering China.
The industry generally believes that cooperation with China UnionPay will be Apple's best choice to enter the Chinese mobile payment field. From the perspective of their respective NFC technical standards, the two also have a natural basis for cooperation. However, whether the cooperation can be achieved and what form is adopted still has to be the result of the game between the two sides. An industry insider who did not want to be named told the reporter of "Daily Economic News" that the cooperation card between UnionPay and Apple is currently technically docked and is scheduled to go online in March next year.
Industry: The cooperation card will be launched in March next year.
"The status quo I know is that UnionPay is technically docking with Apple. The NFC cooperation cards of both parties are connected at the technical level and are scheduled to go online in March next year." A senior industry insider told the reporter of "Daily Economic News".
At the recent Apple product launch conference, Apple's ApplePay cooperative financial institutions, including VISA, MasterCard and American Express, did not have China UnionPay. However, as early as May, the market announced that UnionPay and Apple will engage in NFC cooperation.
At the same time, some users said on Twitter, "In the iOS8 code, Apple will cooperate with China UnionPay to promote their mobile payment system ApplePay." In addition, the MarketWatch website also said on September 13 that both parties ( A deal between Apple and China UnionPay is being reached. In 2015, after AppleWatch went public, ApplePay will also support this product.
In this regard, a chip manufacturer told reporters that there are UnionPay in the iOS8 code, indicating that Apple has reserved space for cooperation between the two parties.
The "Daily Economic News" reporter asked the Union for verification of the above news, but the other party declined the interview. However, according to the wisdom of ASDOCKS news agency on September 10, China UnionPay currently has no relevant cooperation information with Apple.
A person close to UnionPay told reporters that Apple and UnionPay have little problem with NFC technology docking, but may involve trade secrets. In fact, UnionPay had previously tried in the field of NFC mobile payment, and cooperated with China Mobile to launch NFC mobile payment, but only a few models such as Samsung S3, S4, Xiaomi 2A can use this function.
Not long ago, UnionPay announced a cooperation agreement with Samsung to launch an NFC mobile payment service. From the end of September, users who use Samsung GALAXYNote4, GALAXY S4 and GALAXYNote3 smartphones can download credit card, debit card and other cards into their mobile phones after downloading and installing the UnionPay accompanying client, thus realizing the combination of mobile phones and banks. For one".
Four major problems such as docking costs to be solved
The analysis believes that if this time and Apple's cooperation on NFC payments, it will greatly accelerate the NFC promotion process.
A person from the mobile payment network told reporters that if the two sides talk about cooperation, it will help UnionPay to fight against telecom operators. UnionPay will use Apple to launch the "flash payment" application, and Apple can also increase the user's viscosity by using UnionPay.
People's impression of a strong Apple company, in the financial and payment-related business, is actually very open, willing to accept cooperation, in addition to cooperation with several major international card organizations, Apple and JP Morgan Chase, CapitalOne, Bank of America, Citigroup and The issuing banks such as Wells Fargo have extensive cooperation. By partnering with the top US card issuers, ApplePay can support more than 85% of all US bank cards.
However, many industry insiders have told reporters that the cooperation between the two sides will also face a series of difficulties.
First, the cost of technology docking, although the industry generally believes that technology docking is not a problem. However, the above chip manufacturers said that it is a big problem for Apple and UnionPay's flash payment to be compatible, and who will bear the cost of equipment modification.
Second, the cooperation is carried out under the UnionPay TSM network system (NFC platform) or Apple alone. Research firm MercatorAdvisoryGroup payment analyst Tim Sloan said: "Apple strictly controls its own ecosystem, mobile operators can decide who can access the NFC chip. So when Apple announced the establishment of a mobile wallet, it means that Apple has the ability Direct contact with banks and the network."
However, the above mobile payment network people told reporters that Apple will also be within the framework of the UnionPay TSM, otherwise there is no POS machine physical network foundation. However, if MasterCard and VISA come in next year, it will not be easy to say. The head of NFC, a large payment institution, told reporters that the cooperation between Apple and UnionPay is still difficult to determine whether it is based on the UnionPay TSM system or Apple alone. This requires consultation between the two parties.
Third, some insiders believe that Apple's terminal will bring huge traffic and huge consumption, but UnionPay will worry that its NFC payment application scenario and platform system will be marginalized.
Fourth, according to the Financial Times, according to an agreement between Apple and banks and credit card companies, if consumers use the mobile payment service ApplePay to pay, the company will withdraw 15 cents (or 0.15%) from every $100 transaction. The division is higher than the Google Wallet.
In this regard, industry insiders told reporters that the 0.15% split ratio is Apple's practice in the United States, and it may not be feasible to go to the Chinese market. "The technical standards of Apple and UnionPay are the same. Technical docking is not a problem. The key is policy and cooperation. The most likely outcome is UnionPay's concession. However, it is unlikely that Apple will be divided by 0.15%. Both sides have to make one step. The industry insider said.
And for Apple to cooperate with Alipay, the world's largest mobile payment company, "Daily Economic News" reporters verified that Alipay has not cooperated with Apple on ApplePay, but the future does not rule out this possibility.
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Docking: technical analysis
NFC is locked into ApplePay to enter China for early fashion
Every reporter Shi Qingwei from Shanghai
Apple's entry into the NFC market is bound to change the landscape of the global mobile payment market. However, industry insiders believe that it is very difficult for Apple to pay to enter the Asian market, and it is too early to enter China.
China's mobile payment market is developing rapidly, and the market environment is also very complicated. ApplePay may face multiple thresholds when entering China. If Apple NFC wants to enter China, it will face the localization challenge.
Getting involved in NFC is not a whim
Since the beginning of this year, news about Apple's launch of NFC payments has been heard from time to time. In May, a research report by Morgan Stanley pointed out that Apple's mobile devices are expected to be equipped with NFC mobile payment functions to promote the popularity of applications.
At the recent Apple product launch conference, ApplePay (Apple Mobile Payment) became the only bright spot, users can pay without entering payment information. Apple's combination of NFC technology and TouchID (Fingerprint Identification Password) technology, coupled with deep cooperation with mainstream card-issuing organizations, makes Apple's mobile payment function more than expected. The move also means that Apple officially "bet" NFC payments.
"NFC is a relatively hot technology in the industry, not only for payment methods, but also for other scenarios. After Apple has this NFC function, it can make the iPhone more powerful and wider. In fact, Google many years ago. As for the Android device, the NFC mobile payment technology has been introduced. As a popular mobile phone, Apple must complete this function. Based on the brand and user scale of the Apple mobile phone, if it promotes mobile payment, it will have certain mobile payment. Promote the role." Eric Consulting analyst Li Chao analysis.
Mao Yabin, a financial analyst at Yinzhou.com, also believes that Apple’s entry into the NFC payment sector is not a result of a follow-up or a whim. The data shows that Apple has 800 million iTunes accounts with credit cards and more than 500 million end users. And the booking level of iPhone6 ​​is more popular than all previous versions of Apple phones. It can be seen that Apple has accumulated and prepared in advance. In addition, Apple's products tend to focus on the user experience, and its closed operating system makes its security more reliable. But Mao Yabin also said that Apple's relatively high price may probably shut out some of its intended users.
There are problems such as inconsistent technical standards
Huang Lai, market analyst at Singapore IG, said that the difference from hardware is that it takes at least four years for Apple to pay to enter East Asian countries. NFC will be the main obstacle to Apple's payment expansion in Asian countries. He also said that mobile phone NFC payments have been in the East Asian countries for many years, but the start is still slow, the main problem is the lack of uniform technical standards, this situation also exists in China.
It is understood that in terms of mobile payment technology routes, China UnionPay is more inclined to adopt internationally accepted NFC technology. However, telecom operators including China Mobile have been more inclined to adopt 2.4G technology with independent intellectual property rights in the past few years. If Apple does not reach an agreement with (CUP) and chooses to cooperate with operators, it will also face technical standards. Puzzle.
In addition, Wang Ruchen, head of Quark Media, believes that NFC core patents are mainly in the hands of overseas giants such as Sony. NFC patents involve the entire chain of systems and terminals. The “de-IOE†of the Chinese market may allow relevant parties to re-examine the NFC core patents. The status quo, NFC may face new challenges in the future of China.
As a result, this has also caused people's concerns about the security of Apple's NFC. According to industry insiders, payment tools such as Alipay and WeChat are popular in the market, and they have sufficient technical support capabilities in security technology (including applications such as security plug-ins and dynamic passwords), and Apple has not yet been in the Chinese market. It was verified.
It is understood that Apple's NFC payment technology, users can use the "Apple Payments" APP to use the bank issued credit and debit cards. In the store, the consumer can tap the contactless terminal by using the iPhone and press the finger on the TouchID to authorize the transaction to complete the payment. For in-app payments, consumers simply click on the payment and use a fingerprint or password to authorize the payment, without the need to enter a card number or leave the current application.
In addition, it has been reported that Apple confirmed that the iPhone 6 series models are equipped with NFC functions for the first time, and can only be used with the ApplePay function, and cannot be used to read NFC tags or establish connections with other NFC-enabled devices. According to industry insiders, NFC on iPhone6 ​​and iPhone6Plus has been locked, which means that it can only be used for ApplePay mobile payment, which completely loses meaning for domestic users.
Apple is expected to open the NFC function in the future to give third-party developers design application content, but at this stage can only be used with ApplePay, it may be premature to enter China.
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Docking: Industry competition
Domestic NFC payment user penetration rate is low, Apple waits for access
Every reporter Zhu Dandan sent from Beijing
Recently, the "Daily Economic News" reporter learned that Apple announced the release of the new iPhone smart phone, iPhone6 ​​supports NFC (near-range wireless communication technology) payment, and launched ApplePay, users can complete payment through NFC and fingerprint recognition.
"Apple launched NFC, mainly because in the NFC industry chain, mobile phone manufacturers are a very important part, and Apple itself is a mobile hardware giant, and has strong power to other manufacturers in the NFC industry chain, such as operators, banks, and card organizations. The attractiveness and certain negotiating ability." Analysys Li Yi, an analyst at Analysys International, said. However, some insiders believe that the current slow spread of NFC in China and the low user penetration rate of NFC phones have left room for Apple.
It is worth noting that, as early as Apple, Samsung, Huawei and other companies have already pre-empted NFC mobile payment in the Chinese market. Can Apple come to the fore?
Many industry insiders said that it is still difficult to say whether Apple's payment can enter the Chinese market. After all, the current NFC payment in China is not so open. If Apple promotes NFC payment in China, it must cooperate with the card organization UnionPay and mobile phone operators to solve the problems of high cost and bank IT system transformation in actual promotion.
Face the challenges of Alipay
In addition to its own reasons, Apple NFC will face local challenges if it wants to enter China.
Industry insiders told the "Daily Economic News" reporter, Apple NFC and UnionPay cooperation is undoubtedly the least resistance choice, which helps the two sides to promote and layout. If the cooperation between Apple and UnionPay does not start as expected, and the self-built NFC channel is adopted, the cost will be high.
It is understood that NFC payment needs to transform the POS machine into a "flash payment" POS machine, and the cost of the transformation of one unit is about 1,000 yuan. At present, there are about 10 million POS machines in China, of which only about 3 million are NFC payment functions, and the total transformation cost is as high as 7 billion yuan.
If you don't build your own NFC payment channel, then the area that Apple may open up is the bus card, but in this field will face fierce competition from Alipay.
Alipay has taken a “light asset†path in promoting NFC payment. Through the joint efforts of the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, it has released the “Future Bus†plan to promote the city traffic card and cut into NFC mobile payment from this business. According to the reporter, in the competition between Alipay and UnionPay, the bus card is also one of the important areas. Insiders of UnionPay told reporters that the implementation of the traffic card plan was not smooth. This time, Alipay released the “Future Bus†plan, which also showed Alipay’s temporary advantage in this field. If UnionPay is difficult to win, the possibility of cooperation between Apple and telecom operators will be even lower.
In addition to competing in the application field, Apple NFC will face the impact of mobile payment through the Internet channel, such as scan code (two-dimensional code) and sound waves pushed by WeChat and Alipay.
Scanning code (two-dimensional code) payment has a great advantage in the offline payment environment, and it is more convenient to use. The NFC industry chain involves many participants and it is more difficult to promote.
A market leader of a third-party payment company told the reporter of "Daily Economic News" that the current O2O link is not carried out in the business type of the business, but in the online and offline business.
The promotion cost of QR code payment is low, and Alipay and WeChat are naturally unwilling to give up. At present, it is difficult to determine who will be the dominant force in mobile payments.
Wang Ruchen, head of quark media, believes that after 2008, payment technologies such as QR code have become a popular way in China, especially after the rise of the O2O concept, the QR code has almost become a standard.
Compared with Alipay and WeChat, Apple has a huge advantage. Apple has nearly 800 million users using iTunes accounts worldwide. In comparison, the number of Alipay users exceeds 300 million. Among them, the number of monthly active users on the mobile terminal is close to 200 million, and among the 438 million WeChat users in the second quarter of 2014, industry insiders estimate that the number of WeChat payment users is close to 100 million.
However, the industry generally believes that a technology tool must be connected to an application scenario, such as NFC payment and application scenarios seamlessly. Before Alipay and WeChat developed a user base in order to develop offline application scenarios, high subsidies were played. The cost creates a good offline scene.
In terms of application scenarios, UnionPay, WeChat and Alipay are far ahead of Apple. Huang Lai, market analyst at Singapore IG, believes that local payment services such as TenPay and Alipay are basically not affected by Apple's payment. Wang Ruchen also said that even in the long run, he is not optimistic about the landing of Apple payment model in China.
Need to cooperate with UnionPay and mobile phone operators
"Daily Economic News" reporter noted that as early as 2006, Nokia launched a mobile phone terminal that supports NFC payment. In 2010, the three major telecom operators and UnionPay in China also began to deploy the NFC “Flash Pay†program. Starting from January 2014, China Telecom's newly launched 3G terminals will gradually realize the support of NFC for all models. The Tianyi terminal in the 4G era will all have NFC functions. It is expected that the Tianyi mobile phone models supporting mobile wallets will exceed in 2014. 40 models. At present, many Android phones including Samsung, HTC, Gionee, ZTE, Huawei, TCL, etc. have adopted or are ready to adopt NFC technology.
Then, if Apple pays to enter the Chinese market, can it come later?
Mao Yabin, an analyst at Yinxian.com, believes that Apple's promotion of NFC payments abroad has taken a direct approach to cooperation with several major international card organizations. In China, Apple is likely to directly look for UnionPay. Samsung, Huawei and other manufacturers as Apple hardware competitors have greater opportunities to cooperate with third-party payments (non-banking), such as Alipay. At present, iPhone6 ​​has not been released in China, and Alipay has already taken the lead when it is released. However, if the iPhone 6 is successfully launched in China and has reached a cooperation with UnionPay, there is also the possibility of being in the future.
Li Wei believes that it is still difficult to say whether Apple's payment can enter the Chinese market. In order to promote NFC payment in China, Apple must cooperate with the card organization UnionPay and mobile phone operators. In actual promotion, it also faces problems such as bank IT system transformation, payment habits of user merchants, payment security and related customer service system construction. These are not what Apple can control. At the same time, in the cooperation, it also faces the interest game. On the one hand, operators and UnionPay need to use the iPhone to obtain the use of NFC by high-end users, and set a benchmark for mobile phone manufacturers; on the other hand, the industry chain and payment scenarios that they have cultivated hard. It is likely to become a wedding dress for Apple Mobile, which has led to the marginalization of its own payment platform.
Li Rui, an analyst with iResearch, also told reporters that it is difficult to judge whether Apple's NFC payment can be used later, because the degree of openness to NFC payments in China is not so high.
The parties compete for dominance
According to the research report released by Qianzhan.com, in 2013, the number of domestic NFC mobile phone users was about 17 million, which is an increase of 183% compared with the 6 million in 2012. However, the penetration rate of domestic NFC mobile phone users in 2013 was only 1.5%.
"At present, domestic mobile payment is less used in NFC. It is only a new type of technology that is widely expected in the industry. It is lagging behind in terms of application scenarios, hardware devices and popularity. In addition, it is truly in the field of mobile payment. The scale of using NFC is also very small, and there are more major mobile Internet payments, etc." Li Chao said.
Li Wei also pointed out that the advantage of NFC technology is that payment security is high and fast, but it requires the joint efforts of mobile phone manufacturers, operators, chip manufacturers and financial institutions. At an unclear stage of the industry, all parties are waiting for the other aspects of the industrial chain to take a step forward, resulting in a situation in which “three monks have no water to eatâ€.
However, some insiders believe that the current slow spread of NFC in China and the low user penetration rate of NFC phones have left room for Apple. The key lies in the timing of its entry into the Chinese market and the integration of the NFC payment industry chain.
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