In terms of packaging technology, what is packaging? Different countries have different opinions, but the basic concepts and meanings are the same. The American Association for the United States explained that "packaging is an act of preparation for the transportation and sale of products"; British Standards Association believes that "packaging is an artistic, scientific, and technical preparation for the transportation and sale of goods"; the Japanese Packaging Dictionary In the explanation, “Packaging is the use of appropriate materials and containers and the application of technology to make the product safe to the destination. That is, the product can protect its content and maintain the value of the product in the process of transportation and storageâ€; Chinese standard stipulates that “the packaging is The overall name of the containers, materials and aids used to protect the product during circulation, facilitate storage and transportation, promote sales, use certain technical methods, etc. It also refers to the process of applying containers, materials, and aids to achieve the above purpose. Certain technical methods and other operational activities.†To achieve this goal, it must use appropriate materials, certain scientific techniques and artistic means, that is, not only from the technical point of industrial packaging, but also from the needs of commercial packaging, so that Packaging can protect goods, facilitate storage and transportation, and promote sales.
In the past, in the fresh-keeping technology of fresh cut flowers, in terms of packaging itself, it was just a simple container and it belongs to the support technology category. In this sense, packaging only serves the functions of protecting cut flowers and decorating brands. With modern and deeper research and development on fresh cut flower preservation technology, including the methods of cutting and wilting of fresh cut flowers and the measures taken, the packaging technology has also been researched and developed accordingly, so in the sense of modern technology, fresh cut flowers The fresh-keeping packaging technology is also infiltrated and integrated into a series of fresh-keeping technologies such as fresh-keeping technology, temperature control, environmental control, and support technology for fresh cut flowers. Therefore, the connotation of fresh-keeping packaging has been expanded, and the extension has been further extended. Fresh-keeping packaging technology has become a major aspect and needs to be tackled.
Fresh cut flowers are the most delicate and most resistant to storage and transportation in economic crops. Fresh cut flowers have to undergo post-harvest handling, handling, transportation, storage, shelf placement, sales, and other indispensable aspects. How to minimize the loss of cut flowers and maintain the vividness of fresh cut flowers in these processes and links? Degree is an important issue facing flower producers, operators and researchers.
At present, in the post-processing of fresh cut flowers, various methods of fresh-keeping have matured. Only the problems of fresh-keeping, packaging standards and types of packaging have not been completely solved. Therefore, fresh-cut flowers still have the problem of fresh-keeping packaging. High research value and development significance.
First, the fresh cut flower packaging technology and principles Modern packaging has formed a complete industrial system that uses advanced technology, materials and equipment to complete automated production, and has also developed into an indispensable and important component in modern commodity production, storage and transportation, sales and people's daily lives. section. The packaging of fresh cut flowers is a special application in the packaging of goods. It not only complies with the general requirements of packaging technology, but also proposes its own characteristics according to the characteristics of fresh cut flowers. For fresh cut flower packaging, it must also meet and possess the following three major packaging features.
1. Protection Function Protection is the most important important function of fresh cut flower packaging. Fresh cut flower products from the time of leaving the production site until the sale, in the distribution process through the time, storage, and many other aspects of handling, during this period, fresh cut flowers must be able to prevent withered, anti-squeeze, extend life , anti-pollution, anti-bacterial, anti-light, anti-oxidation, protection against heat (or cold), anti-breakage protection. According to the nature, form, physical and chemical function of fresh cut flowers, the design of protective functions and other commodities should also be different.
2. Convenient and convenient functions The functions mainly include specific requirements and expressions such as fresh cut flowers, convenient sales, convenient consumption, convenient production, convenient storage and transportation, and cost-effectiveness. The output of fresh cut flowers in Yunnan has reached 1.1 billion in 1999. It is the largest province in China for fresh cut flowers. Its sales are mainly air transport, supplemented by railway transportation, and supplemented by road transport. In 1998, the cargo volume reached 9,830 tons, 90% were sent to more than 40 large and medium-sized cities in the country, and 10% were exported to East Asia, Southeast Asia and other countries and regions. Therefore, convenience functions must firstly embody the functions of convenient transportation.
3. Communication Function Packaging is the medium that conveys product information. It is responsible for conveying the information on fresh flowers, floral images, product brands, properties, capacity, usage methods, and production companies.
The communication of commodity information is also a major function of fresh cut flower packaging. It enables people to clearly identify fresh cut flower products, and can be embodied in the form of visual communication such as the shape of the container, the image of the decoration, the color, and the text. The packaging of corrugated cartons or composite honeycomb structure cartons also requires clear product information.
Fresh cut flower packaging also takes products as the core, from collecting and processing products, preparing packaging materials and containers, completing packages, and then through the process of warehousing, transportation, distribution, sales, and other commodity circulation, and finally reaching the hands of users and consumers. Therefore, fresh cut flowers packaging is also a comprehensive system that involves a wide range.
Second, the main cut flower packaging technology research issues 1. The pre-work phase includes fresh cut flowers packaging materials and containers for research, supply and so on.
2. The main work stage includes the processing, forming, filling, sealing, wrapping, metering, bundling, labeling, etc. of fresh cut flowers.
3. The later working phase includes stacking, storage and transportation.
Fresh cut flower packaging technology is to study the mechanism, principle, process and operation method of the technology used in the above three stages. Regarding the nature, characteristics and shape of fresh cut flowers, the choice of packaging methods and methods is directly related to the quality of the cut flower products, and it also means whether the packaging is successful.
The packaging technology of fresh cut flowers involves various fields such as arts, science and technology, economy, and trade. It is a comprehensive application technology that spans across disciplines and industries. Therefore, the selection, research, development and application of fresh cut flower packaging technology should follow the principles of science, economy, solidity, beauty and application, and comprehensively consider various factors. It mainly includes the study of the nature and form of fresh cut flowers, the external environmental conditions, the choice of packaging materials, packaging containers and packaging machinery, economic factors, and related standards, regulations, and habits of various countries, regions, etc. Create one or a series of scientific, applicable, beautiful, and economical fresh cut flowers.
Third, the fresh cut flowers fresh packaging research summary Self-provided fresh cut flower products, the cut flower packaging problem has not attracted enough attention in a very long time, so fresh cut flowers fresh packaging research was mainly in recent decades to get Big progress. In the field of research in this area, the progress and level in foreign countries and the results are more advanced than those in the country. Looking at the overview of the cut flower fresh-keeping packaging research, the main conclusions can be drawn from the analysis of the following aspects.
1. Packaging Forms Corrugated cartons are an important category of packaging containers. In a broad sense, corrugated cartons have become basically mature in terms of packaging. It has become the main packaging form for many items and has achieved successful experience. However, in fresh cut flower fresh-keeping packaging, due to the nature of cut flower products, many demands are still put on the corrugated paper box itself. Therefore, in the research of cut flower fresh-keeping packaging, research on corrugated paper packaging boxes is unavoidable. Kexin wants to have:
(1) Appearance stereoscopic form: The basic shape of the form and barrel shape is the box type, and the barrel type is mainly used for packing flowers that can only stand upright, such as cut flowers of snapdragon, gypsophila, gladiolus and the like.
(2) Corrugated box type: The general type and function type general type full-paper corrugated type has gradually been replaced by functional and composite paper type.
2. Packaging materials Fresh-cut flowers Fresh-keeping packaging has a high research value in terms of packaging materials. Due to the conditions and requirements of cut flowers for packaging, improvements and research in packaging materials are a common focus. At present, there have been many advances in the research of materials, which are summarized in the following aspects.
(1) Fresh-keeping corrugated carton There are currently four types of fresh-keeping corrugated carton material that have been developed abroad:
1PE sandwich type: It is the PE cling film sandwiched between the inner and outer core of corrugated cardboard.
2 laminated type: It is the preservation of the (agent) and aluminum film pressed onto the cardboard inner and outer core paper.
3 Combination: It is a combination of plastic film and corrugated cardboard.
4 hybrid type: It is the powder that absorbs ethylene gas into paper pulp in the papermaking process, after forming the corrugated paper.
(2) The distribution function of the packaging box can be divided into the following five basic types.
The main mechanism of the 1 plastic layer corrugated carton is: insert plastic film into the corrugated paper base paper, use the gas barrier property of the plastic film layer, coupled with the respiration of the cut flower, ensure the low oxygen, high humidity and High concentration of carbon dioxide CA climate. As a result, the respiration of fresh cut flowers is suppressed, and the moisture is prevented from evaporating to obtain a fresh-keeping effect. It can also apply the moisture adsorbent of ethylene to the inner layer of the film and at the same time have the function of adjusting the atmosphere.
2 The main mechanism of the bio-keeping cartons is: Corrugated paper is coated with a layer of antibacterial agent, antiseptic, ethylene adsorbent, moisture adsorbent, etc. to make corrugated cardboard, which has good anti-microbial, anti-corrosion and preservation functions.
3 The main mechanism of the hybrid fresh-keeping corrugated carton is: When making the corrugated paper inner core paper or polyethylene film, the mineral particles containing silica, ceramic particles or polystyrene, polyvinyl alcohol, etc. are mixed in, for the obtained mixture The polyethylene film is laminated on the inner surface of the corrugated paper to obtain three types of packaging materials. The resulting packaging box has a good preservation effect.
4 Far-infrared fresh-keeping cartons This material is made by coating ceramic powders capable of emitting far-infrared wavelengths (6 to 14 μm) on natural thick paper and then compounding them with the required materials. It can emit far-infrared rays at normal temperatures, or activate anti-molecules in fresh cut flowers to increase the resistance to microorganisms, or activate enzymes to maintain the vividness of cut flowers.
5 foam board composite corrugated carton It is divided into two types, one is made of corrugated paper and PSP special foam board laminated, called preservation corrugated paper S; the other is made of corrugated paper and polyethylene foam board laminated, known as preservation of corrugated paper L. They have a thermal insulating effect and a controlled atmosphere effect, as well as a good preservation effect.
The composite honeycomb packaging carton that has been developed has already replaced the trend of pressurizing cardboard boxes with more than 5 levels. Therefore, the fresh-keeping composite honeycomb packaging structure can also be considered in the structure of fresh cut flowers and fresh packaging to achieve a brand-new image. And more reflect the characteristics of fresh cut flowers packaging.
3. Functional plastic wrap This kind of film can be used together, compound, mixed with the packaging box, or it can be used alone as a packaging bag for fresh cut flowers to form the first small space and environment. They mainly include thin films capable of adsorbing or removing ethylene gas, films having a CA effect to form a modified atmosphere, films having anti-white fog or condensation, and antibacterial and antibacterial films.
1 Film that adsorbs ethylene gas It is a film made by pulverizing porous minerals (such as attapulgite, zeolite, cristobalite, silica, etc.) and then mixing it into plastic raw materials. These porous minerals have the property of adsorbing ethylene, and the content is generally more than 5%. Due to the incorporation of porous substances, the film generally has a higher air permeability than the polyethylene monomer film. In the use of both from the adsorption and permeability of a comprehensive consideration of its ratio.
2 Anti-Balcony and Dewing Films It is coated with a layer of anti-whitening agent such as fatty acid on the monomer film, or a film containing a surfactant. The main purpose is to ensure that the image of the package and the value of cut flowers are not compromised.
3 Simple CA effect film This is a kind of low temperature (except special circumstances, all around 0 °C) environment, in order to reduce the amount of oxygen, increase the supply of carbon dioxide, to inhibit the evaporation of water, inhibit cut flower breathing in CA gas environment , resulting in anti-aging, maintain the effect of color freshness. For different varieties of cut flowers, different techniques are required, including cutting time, pretreatment, film thickness, ambient temperature, ambient humidity, and length of storage period.
4 antibacterial film antibacterial film is a kind of no
In the past, in the fresh-keeping technology of fresh cut flowers, in terms of packaging itself, it was just a simple container and it belongs to the support technology category. In this sense, packaging only serves the functions of protecting cut flowers and decorating brands. With modern and deeper research and development on fresh cut flower preservation technology, including the methods of cutting and wilting of fresh cut flowers and the measures taken, the packaging technology has also been researched and developed accordingly, so in the sense of modern technology, fresh cut flowers The fresh-keeping packaging technology is also infiltrated and integrated into a series of fresh-keeping technologies such as fresh-keeping technology, temperature control, environmental control, and support technology for fresh cut flowers. Therefore, the connotation of fresh-keeping packaging has been expanded, and the extension has been further extended. Fresh-keeping packaging technology has become a major aspect and needs to be tackled.
Fresh cut flowers are the most delicate and most resistant to storage and transportation in economic crops. Fresh cut flowers have to undergo post-harvest handling, handling, transportation, storage, shelf placement, sales, and other indispensable aspects. How to minimize the loss of cut flowers and maintain the vividness of fresh cut flowers in these processes and links? Degree is an important issue facing flower producers, operators and researchers.
At present, in the post-processing of fresh cut flowers, various methods of fresh-keeping have matured. Only the problems of fresh-keeping, packaging standards and types of packaging have not been completely solved. Therefore, fresh-cut flowers still have the problem of fresh-keeping packaging. High research value and development significance.
First, the fresh cut flower packaging technology and principles Modern packaging has formed a complete industrial system that uses advanced technology, materials and equipment to complete automated production, and has also developed into an indispensable and important component in modern commodity production, storage and transportation, sales and people's daily lives. section. The packaging of fresh cut flowers is a special application in the packaging of goods. It not only complies with the general requirements of packaging technology, but also proposes its own characteristics according to the characteristics of fresh cut flowers. For fresh cut flower packaging, it must also meet and possess the following three major packaging features.
1. Protection Function Protection is the most important important function of fresh cut flower packaging. Fresh cut flower products from the time of leaving the production site until the sale, in the distribution process through the time, storage, and many other aspects of handling, during this period, fresh cut flowers must be able to prevent withered, anti-squeeze, extend life , anti-pollution, anti-bacterial, anti-light, anti-oxidation, protection against heat (or cold), anti-breakage protection. According to the nature, form, physical and chemical function of fresh cut flowers, the design of protective functions and other commodities should also be different.
2. Convenient and convenient functions The functions mainly include specific requirements and expressions such as fresh cut flowers, convenient sales, convenient consumption, convenient production, convenient storage and transportation, and cost-effectiveness. The output of fresh cut flowers in Yunnan has reached 1.1 billion in 1999. It is the largest province in China for fresh cut flowers. Its sales are mainly air transport, supplemented by railway transportation, and supplemented by road transport. In 1998, the cargo volume reached 9,830 tons, 90% were sent to more than 40 large and medium-sized cities in the country, and 10% were exported to East Asia, Southeast Asia and other countries and regions. Therefore, convenience functions must firstly embody the functions of convenient transportation.
3. Communication Function Packaging is the medium that conveys product information. It is responsible for conveying the information on fresh flowers, floral images, product brands, properties, capacity, usage methods, and production companies.
The communication of commodity information is also a major function of fresh cut flower packaging. It enables people to clearly identify fresh cut flower products, and can be embodied in the form of visual communication such as the shape of the container, the image of the decoration, the color, and the text. The packaging of corrugated cartons or composite honeycomb structure cartons also requires clear product information.
Fresh cut flower packaging also takes products as the core, from collecting and processing products, preparing packaging materials and containers, completing packages, and then through the process of warehousing, transportation, distribution, sales, and other commodity circulation, and finally reaching the hands of users and consumers. Therefore, fresh cut flowers packaging is also a comprehensive system that involves a wide range.
Second, the main cut flower packaging technology research issues 1. The pre-work phase includes fresh cut flowers packaging materials and containers for research, supply and so on.
2. The main work stage includes the processing, forming, filling, sealing, wrapping, metering, bundling, labeling, etc. of fresh cut flowers.
3. The later working phase includes stacking, storage and transportation.
Fresh cut flower packaging technology is to study the mechanism, principle, process and operation method of the technology used in the above three stages. Regarding the nature, characteristics and shape of fresh cut flowers, the choice of packaging methods and methods is directly related to the quality of the cut flower products, and it also means whether the packaging is successful.
The packaging technology of fresh cut flowers involves various fields such as arts, science and technology, economy, and trade. It is a comprehensive application technology that spans across disciplines and industries. Therefore, the selection, research, development and application of fresh cut flower packaging technology should follow the principles of science, economy, solidity, beauty and application, and comprehensively consider various factors. It mainly includes the study of the nature and form of fresh cut flowers, the external environmental conditions, the choice of packaging materials, packaging containers and packaging machinery, economic factors, and related standards, regulations, and habits of various countries, regions, etc. Create one or a series of scientific, applicable, beautiful, and economical fresh cut flowers.
Third, the fresh cut flowers fresh packaging research summary Self-provided fresh cut flower products, the cut flower packaging problem has not attracted enough attention in a very long time, so fresh cut flowers fresh packaging research was mainly in recent decades to get Big progress. In the field of research in this area, the progress and level in foreign countries and the results are more advanced than those in the country. Looking at the overview of the cut flower fresh-keeping packaging research, the main conclusions can be drawn from the analysis of the following aspects.
1. Packaging Forms Corrugated cartons are an important category of packaging containers. In a broad sense, corrugated cartons have become basically mature in terms of packaging. It has become the main packaging form for many items and has achieved successful experience. However, in fresh cut flower fresh-keeping packaging, due to the nature of cut flower products, many demands are still put on the corrugated paper box itself. Therefore, in the research of cut flower fresh-keeping packaging, research on corrugated paper packaging boxes is unavoidable. Kexin wants to have:
(1) Appearance stereoscopic form: The basic shape of the form and barrel shape is the box type, and the barrel type is mainly used for packing flowers that can only stand upright, such as cut flowers of snapdragon, gypsophila, gladiolus and the like.
(2) Corrugated box type: The general type and function type general type full-paper corrugated type has gradually been replaced by functional and composite paper type.
2. Packaging materials Fresh-cut flowers Fresh-keeping packaging has a high research value in terms of packaging materials. Due to the conditions and requirements of cut flowers for packaging, improvements and research in packaging materials are a common focus. At present, there have been many advances in the research of materials, which are summarized in the following aspects.
(1) Fresh-keeping corrugated carton There are currently four types of fresh-keeping corrugated carton material that have been developed abroad:
1PE sandwich type: It is the PE cling film sandwiched between the inner and outer core of corrugated cardboard.
2 laminated type: It is the preservation of the (agent) and aluminum film pressed onto the cardboard inner and outer core paper.
3 Combination: It is a combination of plastic film and corrugated cardboard.
4 hybrid type: It is the powder that absorbs ethylene gas into paper pulp in the papermaking process, after forming the corrugated paper.
(2) The distribution function of the packaging box can be divided into the following five basic types.
The main mechanism of the 1 plastic layer corrugated carton is: insert plastic film into the corrugated paper base paper, use the gas barrier property of the plastic film layer, coupled with the respiration of the cut flower, ensure the low oxygen, high humidity and High concentration of carbon dioxide CA climate. As a result, the respiration of fresh cut flowers is suppressed, and the moisture is prevented from evaporating to obtain a fresh-keeping effect. It can also apply the moisture adsorbent of ethylene to the inner layer of the film and at the same time have the function of adjusting the atmosphere.
2 The main mechanism of the bio-keeping cartons is: Corrugated paper is coated with a layer of antibacterial agent, antiseptic, ethylene adsorbent, moisture adsorbent, etc. to make corrugated cardboard, which has good anti-microbial, anti-corrosion and preservation functions.
3 The main mechanism of the hybrid fresh-keeping corrugated carton is: When making the corrugated paper inner core paper or polyethylene film, the mineral particles containing silica, ceramic particles or polystyrene, polyvinyl alcohol, etc. are mixed in, for the obtained mixture The polyethylene film is laminated on the inner surface of the corrugated paper to obtain three types of packaging materials. The resulting packaging box has a good preservation effect.
4 Far-infrared fresh-keeping cartons This material is made by coating ceramic powders capable of emitting far-infrared wavelengths (6 to 14 μm) on natural thick paper and then compounding them with the required materials. It can emit far-infrared rays at normal temperatures, or activate anti-molecules in fresh cut flowers to increase the resistance to microorganisms, or activate enzymes to maintain the vividness of cut flowers.
5 foam board composite corrugated carton It is divided into two types, one is made of corrugated paper and PSP special foam board laminated, called preservation corrugated paper S; the other is made of corrugated paper and polyethylene foam board laminated, known as preservation of corrugated paper L. They have a thermal insulating effect and a controlled atmosphere effect, as well as a good preservation effect.
The composite honeycomb packaging carton that has been developed has already replaced the trend of pressurizing cardboard boxes with more than 5 levels. Therefore, the fresh-keeping composite honeycomb packaging structure can also be considered in the structure of fresh cut flowers and fresh packaging to achieve a brand-new image. And more reflect the characteristics of fresh cut flowers packaging.
3. Functional plastic wrap This kind of film can be used together, compound, mixed with the packaging box, or it can be used alone as a packaging bag for fresh cut flowers to form the first small space and environment. They mainly include thin films capable of adsorbing or removing ethylene gas, films having a CA effect to form a modified atmosphere, films having anti-white fog or condensation, and antibacterial and antibacterial films.
1 Film that adsorbs ethylene gas It is a film made by pulverizing porous minerals (such as attapulgite, zeolite, cristobalite, silica, etc.) and then mixing it into plastic raw materials. These porous minerals have the property of adsorbing ethylene, and the content is generally more than 5%. Due to the incorporation of porous substances, the film generally has a higher air permeability than the polyethylene monomer film. In the use of both from the adsorption and permeability of a comprehensive consideration of its ratio.
2 Anti-Balcony and Dewing Films It is coated with a layer of anti-whitening agent such as fatty acid on the monomer film, or a film containing a surfactant. The main purpose is to ensure that the image of the package and the value of cut flowers are not compromised.
3 Simple CA effect film This is a kind of low temperature (except special circumstances, all around 0 °C) environment, in order to reduce the amount of oxygen, increase the supply of carbon dioxide, to inhibit the evaporation of water, inhibit cut flower breathing in CA gas environment , resulting in anti-aging, maintain the effect of color freshness. For different varieties of cut flowers, different techniques are required, including cutting time, pretreatment, film thickness, ambient temperature, ambient humidity, and length of storage period.
4 antibacterial film antibacterial film is a kind of no
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